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Coal Overview

Content courtesy of Hillsborough Resources Limited

Overview |Uses | Environment | Learning Resources

What is Coal?
Coal is a combustible fossil fuel comprised mainly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is formed from vegetation that has been consolidated and altered by pressure and heat over millions of years. The result is the formation of coal seams.

Types of Coal
There is a range of coal types depending on its maturity level as it goes through the process of coalification over time. At the front-end coal starts as peat with the most highly evolved product being anthracite. The physical and chemical properties of the coal determine the “rank” of the coal.

At the low end there is lignite and sub-bituminous coals that have high moisture levels and low carbon content resulting in low energy content. At the other end of the scale are the “hard” coals (i.e. Bituminous and anthracite) characterized by lower moisture content, more carbon and produce more energy.

Where Coal is Found
Coal reserves are available in almost every country in the world with recoverable reserves in about 70 countries. The United States, Russia and China have the largest reserves. According to the World Coal Institute, it is estimated that there are over 984 billion tones of proven coal reserves worldwide. That would provide supply for over 190 years at current use levels. This dynamic will change as a result of exploration and development programs on the supply side and consumption changes on the demand side.

Important Notice

This general information on coal and other minerals is compiled from publicly available information. The views expressed in this website are solely those of the author and should be viewed as informational commentary only. In no way should these views, opinions or commentary be considered investment advice.

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